Tanklar Haqqında Maraqlı Faktlar və Gözəl Şəkillər
Introduction
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine; usually their main armament is mounted in a turret. They are a mainstay of modern 20th and 21st century ground forces and a key part of combined arms combat.
Modern tanks are versatile mobile land weapons platforms whose main armament is a large- caliber tank gun mounted in a rotating gun turret, supplemented by machine guns or other ranged weapons such as anti-tank guided missiles or rocket launchers. They have heavy vehicle armour which provides protection for the crew, the vehicle's munition storage, fuel tank and propulsion systems. The use of tracks rather than wheels provides improved operational mobility which allows the tank to overcome rugged terrain and adverse conditions such as mud and ice/snow better than wheeled vehicles, and thus be more flexibly positioned at advantageous locations on the battlefield.
tank şəkilləri
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These features enable the tank to perform well in a variety of intense combat situations, simultaneously both offensively (with direct fire from their powerful main gun) and defensively (as fire support and defilade for friendly troops due to the near invulnerability to common infantry small arms and good resistance against heavier weapons, although anti-tank weapons used in 2022, some of them man-portable, have demonstrated the ability to destroy older generations of tanks with single shots ), [disputed discuss] all while maintaining the mobility needed to exploit changing tactical situations. Fully integrating tanks into modern military forces spawned a new era of combat: armoured warfare.
History of tanks
The history of the tank begins with World War I, when armoured all-terrain fighting vehicles were introduced as a response to the problems of trench warfare, ushering in a new era of mechanized warfare. Though initially crude and unreliable, tanks eventually became a mainstay of ground armies. By World War II, tank design had advanced significantly, and tanks were used in quantity in all land theatres of the war. The Cold War saw the rise of modern tank doctrine and the rise of the general-purpose main battle tank. The tank still provides the backbone to land combat operations in the 21st century.
The word tank was first applied to the British \"landships\" in 1915, before they entered service, to keep their nature secret. The first tank to engage in battle was the British Mark I tank (pictured below) with the Solomon camouflage scheme.
The first motor vehicle used as a weapon carrier was a powered quadricycle on which F.R. Simms mounted a machine gun in 1899 in England. The inevitable next step was a vehicle that was both armed and armoured. An early division in the definition of roles was between infantry tanks intended to focus on supporting infantry in the assault, and cruiser tanks intended for classic cavalry missions of exploitation, screening and reconnaissance.
As World War II progressed, the separation of \"infantry\" and \"cruiser\" roles generally disappeared and the \"universal tank\" started to take over. Classification has always been determined by the prevailing theories of armoured warfare, which have been altered in turn by rapid advances in technology. No one classification system works across all periods or all nations; in particular, weight-based classification was inconsistent between countries and eras.
With the worldwide adoption of the modern main battle tank designs, which favour a modular universal design, these sorts of classifications are mostly eliminated from modern terminology. All main battle tanks are typically armed with weapons with similar characteristics but some may be armoured more than others. These are complemented with light tanks, typically in the role of (armed) reconnaissance.
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Types of tanks
Tanks are often referred to by weight-based classifications such as 'light', 'medium', 'heavy' or 'superheavy' tanks) or doctrinal purpose ( such as 'infantry', 'cavalry', 'breakthrough' or 'assault' tanks) or by their role on the battlefield (such as 'main battle tank', 'tank destroyer', 'self-propelled gun' or 'armoured personnel carrier'). However, these classifications are not always consistent or clear-cut, and some tanks may fit into more than one category or perform multiple roles. Therefore, it is more useful to look at the main features and characteristics of different types of tanks, such as their armament, armour, mobility, and design. Armament
The main armament of a tank is usually a large-caliber tank gun mounted in a rotating turret, which can fire a variety of ammunition types, such as armour-piercing, high-explosive, smoke, or incendiary rounds. The main gun is typically supplemented by one or more machine guns for anti-infantry and anti-aircraft defense, and sometimes by other weapons such as anti-tank guided missiles, rocket launchers, flamethrowers, or mortars.
The main gun of a tank is usually measured by its caliber (the diameter of the bore) or its length (the length of the barrel). The caliber determines the size and weight of the projectile, while the length determines the muzzle velocity and penetration power. Generally speaking, a larger caliber and a longer barrel result in a more powerful gun, but also increase the weight and size of the tank.
Some examples of tank guns are:
Gun
Country
Caliber
Length
Tanks
2-pounder
UK
40 mm
50 calibers
Cruiser Mk I-IV, Matilda II, Valentine
75 mm KwK 40
Germany
75 mm
48 calibers
Panzer IV Ausf. F2-G, StuG III Ausf. F-G
76 mm M1
USA
76.2 mm
52 calibers
M4A1(76)W Sherman, M18 Hellcat, M36 Jackson
85 mm D-5T/ZiS-S-53
Soviet Union
85 mm
54.6 calibers
T-34-85, SU-85, IS-1
88 mm KwK 36/43
Germany
88 mm
56/71 calibers
Tiger I, Tiger II, Nashorn, Ferdinand/Elefant
90 mm M3/M36/M41
USA
90 mm
50/54/70 calibers
M26 Pershing, M46 Patton, M47 Patton, M48 Patton, M60 Patton
100 mm D-10T
Soviet Union
100 mm
53.5 calibers
T-54/55, SU-100, IS-3, IS-4
105 mm L7/Royal Ordnance L7
UK/Germany/USA
105 mm
52/55 calibers
M60A1/A3 Patton, Leopard 1, Centurion Mk 7/10, M1 Abrams (early models)
120 mm L11A5/Rheinmetall 120 mm/L44/L55
UK/Germany/USA
120 mm
38/44/55 calibers
Chieftain, Challenger 1/2, Leopard 2, M1A1/A2 Abrams
125 mm 2A46/D-81T/D-81TM
Soviet Union/Russia/Ukraine/China
125 mm
48 calibers
T-64, T-72, T-80, T-90, T-14 Armata, Type 96, Type 99
152.4 mm M-64 [assistant](#message) Possible continuation:
Soviet Union/Russia
152.4 mm
23.5 calibers
T-10M, Object 268, Object 292 (prototype)
155 mm GIAT CN155-52 [assistant](#message) Possible continuation:
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